What is Spine Surgery? The spine is the mechanism responsible for the upright standing and movement of the body by connecting the bones from the skull to the coccyx. Operational interventions for congenital damage to this mechanism, subsequent deterioration, injury, or the amelioration of other pathological conditions are called spine surgery. When Is Spine Surgery Needed? Congenital disorders, nerve damage, posture disorders; fracture, slippage, hernia in the vertebrae; Spine surgery can be applied in cases such as shoulder, arm, waist, leg pain and numbness.